What effect does a training collar have if incorrectly used?

When a training collar is used incorrectly, it can indeed lead to injury. This is particularly true when the collar is too tight or is applied improperly, causing discomfort or harm to the dog's neck or throat. Additionally, if the collar is used as a form of punishment rather than as a training aid, it may incite fear or anxiety in the dog, potentially leading to behavioral issues. Proper use of training collars involves understanding the appropriate settings and applying them in a humane and effective manner to reinforce positive behavior without causing harm.

Other options do not align with the reality of misuse. For instance, while some might think that incorrect usage could lead to improved training speed or no effect at all, this is unlikely; improper use can confuse the animal rather than guide it effectively. Similarly, the idea that a misused collar may calm the dog is generally unfounded; an incorrectly applied collar is much more likely to lead to stress or anxiety rather than promoting calmness.